積極詞彙

積極詞彙 是兒童既能理解又能正確使用的詞彙；消極詞彙是兒童不瞭解或者理解一些詞不過不會正確地取用的詞。

積極詞彙的增長
jī jí cí huì de zēng cháng

積極詞彙指兒童既能理解又能正確使用的詞彙；消極詞彙指或者不能理解，或者有些理解卻不能正確使用的詞彙。兒童的詞彙量並不等同於他們正確運用的質量，這與兒童對詞義的理解有關。
jī jí cí huì zhǐ ér tóng jì néng lǐ jiě yòu néng zhèng què shǐ yòng dí cí huì ； xiāo jí cí huì zhǐ huò zhě bù néng lǐ jiě ， huò zhě yǒu xiē lǐ jiě què bù néng zhèng què shǐ yòng dí cí huì 。 ér tóng dí cí huì liáng bìng bù děng tóng yú tā mén zhèng què yùn yòng dí zhì liáng ， zhè yǔ ér tóng duì cí yì dí lǐ jiě yǒu guān 。

幼兒對詞義的理解常有或失之過寬，或失之過窄的現象。例如把“粗”說成“胖”，把猴子身上的“毛”說成“羽毛”，把“草地”稱為“草原”，把“水果”與“桃子”當做同級概念等。
yòu ér duì cí yì dí lǐ jiě cháng yǒu huò shī zhī guò kuān ， huò shī zhī guò zhǎi dí xiàn xiàng 。 lì rú bǎ “ cū ” shuō chéng “ pàng ” ， bǎ hóu zǐ shēn shàng dí “ máo ” shuō chéng “ yǔ máo ” ， bǎ “ cǎo dì ” chēng wéi “ cǎo yuán ” ， bǎ “ shuǐ guǒ ” yǔ “ táo zǐ ” dāng zuò tóng jí gài niàn děng 。

隨著年齡的增長，幼兒對詞義的理解逐漸準確和加深，他們不僅能夠掌握詞的一種意義，而且能掌握詞的多種意義，不僅能掌握詞的表面意義，而且能掌握詞的轉義。
suí zhuó nián líng dí zēng cháng ， yòu ér duì cí yì dí lǐ jiě zhú jiàn zhǔn què hé jiā shēn ， tā mén bù jǐn néng gòu zhǎng wò cí dí yī zhǒng yì yì ， ér qiě néng zhǎng wò cí dí duō zhǒng yì yì ， bù jǐn néng zhǎng wò cí dí biǎo miàn yì yì ， ér qiě néng zhǎng wò cí dí zhuǎn yì 。


這樣，幼兒運用詞的積極性也逐漸高漲。他們的積極詞彙比嬰儿期大大增長。
zhè yàng ， yòu ér yùn yòng cí dí jī jí xìng yě zhú jiàn gāo zhǎng 。 tā mén dí jī jí cí huì bǐ yīng ér qī dà dà zēng cháng 。

Word Bank 字彙表

的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
增 zēng to increase; to expand; to add
指 zhǐ finger; to point at or to; to indicate or refer to; to depend on; to count on; (of hair) to stand on end
童 tóng child
Tóng surname Tong
既 jì already; since; both... (and...)
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
又 yòu (once) again; also; both... and...; and yet; (used for emphasis) anyway
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
正 zhèng straight; upright; proper; main; principal; to correct; to rectify; exactly; just (at that time); right (in that place); (math.) positive
zhēng first month of the lunar year
使用 shǐ yòng to use; to employ; to apply; to make use of
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
消 xiāo to disappear; to vanish; to eliminate; to spend (time); have to; need
指 zhǐ finger; to point at or to; to indicate or refer to; to depend on; to count on; (of hair) to stand on end
或者 huò zhě or; possibly; maybe; perhaps
不能 bù néng cannot; must not; should not
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
或者 huò zhě or; possibly; maybe; perhaps
有些 yǒu xiē some; somewhat
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
不能 bù néng cannot; must not; should not
正 zhèng straight; upright; proper; main; principal; to correct; to rectify; exactly; just (at that time); right (in that place); (math.) positive
zhēng first month of the lunar year
使用 shǐ yòng to use; to employ; to apply; to make use of
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
童 tóng child
Tóng surname Tong
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
量 liàng capacity; quantity; amount; to estimate; abbr. for 量詞|量词[liang4 ci2], classifier (in Chinese grammar); measure word
liáng to measure
不 bù (negative prefix); not; no
等同 děng tóng to equate; equal to
於 Yū surname Yu; Taiwan pr. [Yu2]
wū (literary) Oh!; Ah!
他 tā he or him; (used for either sex when the sex is unknown or unimportant); (used before sb's name for emphasis); (used as a meaningless mock object); other; another
正 zhèng straight; upright; proper; main; principal; to correct; to rectify; exactly; just (at that time); right (in that place); (math.) positive
zhēng first month of the lunar year
用 yòng to use; to employ; to have to; to eat or drink; expense or outlay; usefulness; hence; therefore
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
量 liàng capacity; quantity; amount; to estimate; abbr. for 量詞|量词[liang4 ci2], classifier (in Chinese grammar); measure word
liáng to measure
童 tóng child
Tóng surname Tong
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
有 yǒu to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be
幼 yòu young
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
常 cháng always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
Cháng surname Chang
有 yǒu to have; there is; there are; to exist; to be
或 huò maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
失 shī to lose; to miss; to fail
之 zhī (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
或 huò maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
失 shī to lose; to miss; to fail
之 zhī (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
窄 zhǎi narrow; narrow-minded; badly off
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
象 xiàng elephant; CL:隻|只[zhi1]; shape; form; appearance; to imitate
例如 lì rú for example; for instance; such as
把 bǎ to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of; handle; particle marking the following noun as a direct object; classifier for objects with handle; classifier for small objects: handful
bà handle
粗 cū variant of 粗[cu1]
cū remote; distant; variant of 粗[cu1]
cū coarse; rough; thick (for cylindrical objects); unfinished; vulgar; rude; crude
成 chéng to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish; to become; to turn into; to be all right; OK!; one tenth
Chéng surname Cheng
胖 pán healthy; at ease
pàng fat; plump
把 bǎ to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of; handle; particle marking the following noun as a direct object; classifier for objects with handle; classifier for small objects: handful
bà handle
猴子 hóu zi monkey; CL:隻|只[zhi1]
身上 shēn shang on the body; at hand; among
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
毛 máo hair; feather; down; wool; mildew; mold; coarse or semifinished; young; raw; careless; unthinking; nervous; scared; (of currency) to devalue or depreciate; classifier for Chinese fractional monetary unit ( = 角[jiao3] , = one-tenth of a yuan or 10 fen 分[fen1])
Máo surname Mao
成 chéng to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish; to become; to turn into; to be all right; OK!; one tenth
Chéng surname Cheng
羽毛 yǔ máo feather; plumage; plume
把 bǎ to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of; handle; particle marking the following noun as a direct object; classifier for objects with handle; classifier for small objects: handful
bà handle
草地 cǎo dì lawn; meadow; sod; turf; CL:片[pian4]
草原 cǎo yuán grassland; prairie; CL:片[pian4]
把 bǎ to hold; to contain; to grasp; to take hold of; handle; particle marking the following noun as a direct object; classifier for objects with handle; classifier for small objects: handful
bà handle
水果 shuǐ guǒ fruit; CL:個|个[ge4]
桃子 táo zi peach
做 zuò to do; to make; to produce; to write; to compose; to act as; to engage in; to hold (a party); to be; to become; to function (in some capacity); to serve as; to be used for; to form (a bond or relationship); to pretend; to feign; to act a part; to put on appearance
同 tóng like; same; similar; together; alike; with
tòng see 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
tóng (used in given names); variant of 同[tong2]
概念 gài niàn concept; idea; CL:個|个[ge4]
等 děng class; rank; grade; equal to; same as; to wait for; to await; et cetera; and so on; et al. (and other authors); after; as soon as; once
著 zhù to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding
年 nián year; CL:個|个[ge4]
Nián surname Nian
nián grain; harvest (old); variant of 年[nian2]
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
增 zēng to increase; to expand; to add
幼 yòu young
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
理解 lǐ jiě to comprehend; to understand; comprehension; understanding
逐 zhú to pursue; to chase; individually; one by one
和 hé and; together with; with; sum; union; peace; harmony; Taiwan pr. [han4] when it means "and" or "with"
hé old variant of 和[he2]; harmonious
Hé surname He; Japanese (food, clothes etc)
hè to compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence; to join in the singing; to chime in with others
hú to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards
huó to combine a powdery substance (flour, plaster etc) with water; Taiwan pr. [huo4]
huò to mix (ingredients) together; to blend; classifier for rinses of clothes; classifier for boilings of medicinal herbs
hé old variant of 和[he2]
加深 jiā shēn to deepen
他 tā he or him; (used for either sex when the sex is unknown or unimportant); (used before sb's name for emphasis); (used as a meaningless mock object); other; another
不 bù (negative prefix); not; no
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
掌握 zhǎng wò to grasp (often fig.); to control; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny); to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
一 yī one; 1; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit
意 yì idea; meaning; thought; to think; wish; desire; intention; to expect; to anticipate
Yì Italy; Italian; abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4]
而且 ér qiě (not only ...) but also; moreover; in addition; furthermore
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
掌握 zhǎng wò to grasp (often fig.); to control; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny); to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
多 duō many; much; often; a lot of; numerous; more; in excess; how (to what extent); multi-; Taiwan pr. [duo2] when it means "how"
意 yì idea; meaning; thought; to think; wish; desire; intention; to expect; to anticipate
Yì Italy; Italian; abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4]
不 bù (negative prefix); not; no
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
掌握 zhǎng wò to grasp (often fig.); to control; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny); to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
表面 biǎo miàn surface; face; outside; appearance
意 yì idea; meaning; thought; to think; wish; desire; intention; to expect; to anticipate
Yì Italy; Italian; abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4]
而且 ér qiě (not only ...) but also; moreover; in addition; furthermore
能 néng can; to be able to; might possibly; ability; (physics) energy
Néng surname Neng
掌握 zhǎng wò to grasp (often fig.); to control; to seize (initiative, opportunity, destiny); to master; to know well; to understand sth well and know how to use it; fluency
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
幼 yòu young
用 yòng to use; to employ; to have to; to eat or drink; expense or outlay; usefulness; hence; therefore
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
性 xìng nature; character; property; quality; attribute; sexuality; sex; gender; suffix forming adjective from verb; suffix forming noun from adjective, corresponding to -ness or -ity; essence; CL:個|个[ge4]
也 yě also; too; (in Classical Chinese) final particle implying affirmation
Yě surname Ye
逐 zhú to pursue; to chase; individually; one by one
高 gāo high; tall; above average; loud; your (honorific)
Gāo surname Gao
他 tā he or him; (used for either sex when the sex is unknown or unimportant); (used before sb's name for emphasis); (used as a meaningless mock object); other; another
的 de of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute); (used to form a nominal expression); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis)
dí really and truly
dì aim; clear
dī see 的士[di1 shi4]
比 bǐ (particle used for comparison and "-er than"); to compare; to contrast; to gesture (with hands); ratio
Bǐ Belgium; Belgian; abbr. for 比利時|比利时[Bi3 li4 shi2]
bì to associate with; to be near
儿 r non-syllabic diminutive suffix; retroflex final
ér son
期 qī variant of 期[qi1]; period; cycle
qī a period of time; phase; stage; classifier for issues of a periodical, courses of study; time; term; period; to hope; Taiwan pr. [qi2]
大大 dà dà greatly; enormously; (dialect) dad; uncle
增 zēng to increase; to expand; to add